Browse: Bartlett School of Planning
Number of items: 59.
A
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If beauty is the answer, what is the
question?: A discourse analysis of
beauty within national planning policy
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Discourse analysis of the use of the word
beauty within the 2021 NPPF in relation to
urban social justice theories
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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Are Mega Infrastructure Project appraisals
appropriate for the twenty first century and
post pandemic world? – An investigation
using High Speed Rail 2
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The aim of this research is to investigate
the appropriateness of current MIP
appraisal methods, and suggest a
framework that will result in infrastructure
that better addresses the current
challenges of the 21st century and future
post pandemic world. This is an attempt to
refocus on social and environmental
concerns through wider stakeholder
involvement, rather than prioritising the
growth economy and PPP incentives
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How are residents impacted by high-rise
development and densification at a
neighbourhood scale?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
High-rise development and densification
are tools used by planners to achieve social
and environmental goals within increasingly
populous urban areas. This study aims to
explore the impacts that these processes
can have on residents in the
neighbourhoods they are occurring in. The
project employs a mixed-method approach
with both quantitative and qualitative
processes. This methodology will be
applied to the case study: residents on the
Isle of Dogs. The Isle of Dogs is a
neighbourhood located in London, England
that has undergone intense high-rise
development and regeneration. The study
involved a quantitative survey of 49
residents and 7 participants from the
survey volunteered to do a walked
interview. The study focused on residents’
perceptions of densification and high-rise
development. The findings indicate that
residents primarily felt opposed to high-rise
development and densification and felt
their lives and the neighbourhood were
both negatively impacted by factors
relating to development such as
infrastructure stress and loss of
community. There was a geographic divide,
with residents of newer high-rise towers
on the Isle feeling less negatively about development. Residents also felt a lack of
agency over the impact of development
and densification in their neighbourhood.
The additional pressures that densification
places on infrastructure is the primary
cause for resident's negative perceptions
of development. This current study
proposes that there is a need for a balance
between new development and
infrastructure pressure and this is key to
ensuring residents are not negatively
impacted and therefore more accepting of
development.
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Power to the people? An investigation into
the efficacy of BREEAM Communities in
facilitating citizen participation for urban
developments in the UK.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Incorporating citizen participation into
urban planning is a continued struggle;
more recently, this has been coupled with a
push to enhance the sustainability of urban
developments. Various sustainability
certification schemes aim to help
developers build to high sustainability
standards, yet few have incorporated
strong citizen participation requirements
alongside. BREEAM Communities is one of
the first to do so. This dissertation aims to
utilise Chantry’s (2022) political spaces of
citizen engagement heuristic to assess the
efficacy of such citizen engagement
requirements in the BREEAM Communities
framework. Findings from eight BREEAM
Communities Assessors unveiled that the
framework facilitates mixed levels of
citizen engagement. In the realms of
proposal formation and proposal
implementation, BREEAM Communities has
stringent requirements that have the
potential to facilitate high-quality
engagement. However, the information
provision and deliberation aspects of
engagement were found to be poorly
facilitated. This research therefore
recommends including specific information
provision and deliberation stipulations in the BREEAM Communities compliance
notes. Chantry’s (2022) heuristic was also
evaluated; it was found that stakeholder
attitudes to engagement could not be
represented on the heuristic, yet it is
important in influencing citizen
engagement quality. Equally, a new political
space of engagement timing was
discovered. This, alongside smaller
adjustments, has been added to an
enhanced political spaces of citizen
engagement heuristic. Findings concerning
both BREEAM Communities and Chantry’s
(2022) heuristic can provide a productive
foundation to push for more effective
citizen participation, both in theory and in
practice.
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Placemaking in Hong Kong's heritage
revitalisation: Delivering community value
or masking commercialisation?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Hong Kong, along with other neoliberal,
capitalist cities around the world, is
experiencing a growing trend towards
commercialisation in heritage
revitalisation. On the other hand, there is
advocacy for democratising urban planning
where placemaking that aimed to foster a
sense of place and community cohesion
have arisen. In the dominant literature,
there is a prevalent division on top-down
and bottom-up approaches of placemaking.
Contrary to the original intent of
placemaking, the former is interpreted as
an entrepreneurial strategy that employs
heritage revitalisation as a branding tool
and primarily seeks economic growth. The
latter establishes place identity and
heritage value. Critiquing on the binary
concept of placemaking, this paper
analyses how an in-between form of
collaborative placemaking is used to
facilitate the delivery of community values
in a seemingly top-down revitalization
initiated by the government and the Urban
Renewal Authority (URA). This study
focuses on the case of Central Market (CM)
revitalisation project. It addresses the gap
of collaborative placemaking by examining
the power dynamics and participation of
actors involved, the three manifestations of placemaking (tangible, intangible and
mixed), and cross-evaluating the social and
economic dimensions. While the case
demonstrates an effort to deliver
community value through authentic place
attachment and cultural memories, which
distinguishes it from previous URA-led
revitalisation projects, it is concluded that
the case study is not unique. This form of
placemaking is found to be transferrable
across large-scale revitalisation projects in
Hong Kong as organisational intervention
sets the scene by providing necessary
landscapes and builtscapes, that should be
combined with mindscapes and
storyscapes to serve people. It is argued
that recurring efforts and appropriate
partnership are essential to deliver a
sustainable outcome oriented towards
genuine benefits for the public.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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What are the social implications of microgrounded
housing in Indonesia?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
As the urban population in Indonesia is
growing, limited availability of land,
especially in big cities, causes microgrounded
housing phenomenon to emerge.
However, the social sustainability aspects
of this housing model are little understood.
This research seeks to understand the
potential social implications on residents
who live in micro-grounded housing in
Indonesia. The adverse effects of crowding
from case studies all around the world are
being collected, combined with Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs theory and the housing
value framework created by McCray and
Day, are used to measure the social
sustainability of the residents in Surabaya,
one of the biggest cities in Indonesia.
Combining interviews with empirical
observations, this study used two opposite
case studies: micro-grounded housing and
standard-sized vertical housing, as a
comparison to understand the distinct
characteristic of the former. This study
found that micro-grounded housing caters
to fewer human needs and therefore only
satisfies the lower part of Maslow’s
hierarchy. When the basic daily need has
not been fully satisfied, the urge to higher
needs of housing value such as social
interaction, prestige, and beauty, does not
occur as this research found. A recommendation is made for more strict
enforcement of space standards, for both
building and plot size. Additionally, another
form of housing such as co-living model
could be an alternative to provide social
sustainability through provision of more
communal facilities. Moreover, the housing
strategies need to focus not only on
increasing the quantity of the house but
also on its quality to reach a higher level of
social sustainability.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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How feasible is it to close food loops in
London boroughs?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This research will be targeted in London to
investigate the feasibility of closing the
food loops in terms of local food growing,
food reuse and food waste-to-energy. This
research will be completed by examining
the following questions: Q1: where are
the policy gaps in closing the food loops in
London? Q2: what challenges are faced
in closing the food loops in London?
The above questions will be answered
through the following research objectives.
1. Through the policy and regulation
review identify the policy gaps and what
policies or regulations support or
undermine the food loops closes. 2.
This research will identify the challenges
the key actors faced in London . Before the
empirical research, challenges in CE
implementation will be identified and framed.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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A review of environmental planning policy and the Post-Political – the case study of the Urban Greening Factor
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The Post-Political Concept has, nominally, very high explanatory value. It neatly and plausibly ascribes a raft of structural and governance changes in urban policymaking in recent years to a neoliberal consensus that forecloses dissent and public engagement. However, the definition of the ‘political’ the concept relies upon and the lack of empirical observation of the theory have led to criticism. In choosing a case study which, at face value, represents a typecast Post-Political policy (London’s Urban Greening Factor), this study challenges the concept. Building an analytical framework that establishes three key dimensions of the Post-Political, the study operationalises the concept through interviews with built environment professionals, directly bridging the gap between theory and practice
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National Parks and Ecosystem Services: A
case study of how this approach impacts an
English National Park’s ability to meet its
statutory purposes
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation examines the practice
application of the Ecosystem Services
Framework in the concept of National Park
Planning. The work first explores how the
framework has permeated national park
planning across English National Parks
before looking at the South Downs National Park as a case study.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
F
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The Impact of Housing Finance in Bridging
the Affordability Gap for Decent Housing in
Pakistan
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The research studies the housing market of
Pakistan to establish that there is an
affordability gap as household incomes are
low and there is a scarcity of housing
finance due to various issues such as
undocumented incomes and poor
governance. Due to the unavailability of
housing finance, the affordability gap is not
bridged and the middle class mostly
acquires sub-standard accommodation on a
rental basis.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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How do local authorities experience
learning in response to changing practices:
a case study of the digitalisation of planning
at the London Borough of Camden
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation aims to assess how local
authorities experience learning in response
to changing practices, utilising the case
study of digitalisation at the London
Borough of Camden’s planning team to do
so. The investigation uses the frameworks
of new institutionalism and new public
management to approach the research,
drawing from these to inform a conception
of organisational learning that informs the
project’s argument. Through the
conducting of semi-structured interviews
with five professional planners at different
levels of Camden’s planning team the study
identifies some core topics of investigation,
using these to answer the initial research
question and conclude that digitalisation
can bring both positive and negative
learning – though this is dependent on
certain factors. These findings are then
broadened to the wider study of local
authorities, suggesting that they are
adaptive institutions that can adjust to
change, but need support to garner
positive benefits from this. The dissertation
concludes by suggesting future avenues of
research into the identified phenomenon of
‘intra-organisational cultures’, as well as
possible repeats of this methodology in different context to support this study’s
conclusion.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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Digitalisation, digital planning, local
authority
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Over the past few decades, conventional
guaranteed maximum price (GMP)
contracts “transferred” the construction
cost risk to contracting and sub-contracting
entities and protected the developer from
escalating costs. In a post-pandemic
inflationary market, conventional practices
fluctuate as price inflation, supply-chain
disruption, import logjams, and long lead
times push contractors and subcontractors
beyond their ability to absorb cost risks.
The inability to fix construction prices
removes the option to ‘transfer’ risk, and in
response, developers are adding
contingencies to absorb the newly
‘retained’ risk. This dissertation explores
the viability of this assumption through
professional peer interviews as developed
through qualitative data analysis. In
counter-response to material cost risk or
supply chain (SC) risk that continually
emerges amongst a myriad of evolving
global health, social, and political volatility,
this dissertation theoretically positions the
construction and project risk management
(CPRM) framework as the methodology for
“internal” risk management (RM). The
CPRM framework that sequences risk identification, risk analysis (through
techniques like decision analysis, Monte
Carlo Simulation, ENPV, SA, EMV, and
more), and risk response offers insight into
mitigating construction cost risk. In
addition, an “external” perspective
cultivates the Supply Chain Risk
Management (SCRM) literature to enhance
and evolve the understanding of dated
CPRM techniques. Outside the literature
review, qualitative data focuses on
integrating CPRM theory in contemporary
development. The dissertation research
finds that developers—as supported by the
literature review—utilize a mixture of
formal and informal RM structures that rely
heavily upon intuition and professional
experience to mitigate transient market-led
risk variables. Despite showing interest,
some—if not many—developers lack the
technical processes or the desire to
holistically quantify the added risk of
‘retaining’ construction cost risk. The data
reveals CPRM relationships that become
recommendations to redefine and
recategorize areas for future research and
framework improvement.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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How are China's local authorities
addressing potential planning risks in the
development of industrial real estate?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The development of industrial real estate in
China is receiving more attention than ever
before. This is because the development of
industrial real estate has become more
critical than ever, as it often requires the
simultaneous construction or upgrading of
municipal and transport infrastructure,
thus creating a scale effect that is fully in
line with the requirements of upgrading
the quality of industries and services in the
process of economic transformation. In the
past, there has been a lack of interest in
the development of industrial real estate as
the value of land and scale of investment
in industrial real estate has been less
significant to local government finances
and individual investment than in
residential and commercial real estate. In
order to adapt to the new situation, it is
necessary to accelerate the research
related to industrial real estate
development. As planning is the first step in
the development process, planners must be
able to reasonably anticipate potential
future risks and establish a comprehensive
risk management system, which has been
discussed at less length in past studies.
Therefore, in order to enhance the
understanding of industrial real estate
planning and risk management work, this paper presents a local planner’s perspective
on industrial real estate planning work,
especially risk management, from the
perspective of local governments and
planners, using the example of Zhejiang,
China, through interviews with staff from
local authorities and literature analysis,
and identifies some shortcomings in
current planning and risk management
systems, and concludes with some
recommendations.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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How do Nanjing residents separate waste?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Recent decades have witnessed a sharp
increase in the amount of household waste
generation worldwide, which inevitably
brings about serious environmental
problems and exposes sustainable
urbanism to overwhelming challenges.
China, as the most rapidly industrialised
and populous country, is undeniably the
largest household waste producer,
generating about 200 million tonnes of
household waste per year. Since the 21st
century, China has been promoting to
separate and collect household waste at
source, however, household waste sourceseparated
collection programmes in China
are still in the initial stage and there is little
literature on household waste management
in the research context of China. To fill this
gap in literature and to provide pragmatic
implications for policymakers in Nanjing, a
20-person pilot interview and a self-report
questionnaire survey with a sample size of
449 are conducted in Gulou District,
Nanjing, adopting the TPB+ model I
construct. The results of data analysis show
that the 10 policy-related factors in the
TPB+ model all have significant impacts on
Nanjing residents' household waste source separated
collection behaviour. Among
them, environmental knowledge and
awareness towards environmental
problems, social/community atmosphere, publicity, policy clarity, accessibility to facilities serve as the five best predictors, suggesting that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and normal norms are significant determinants of Nanjing residents' household waste source-separated collection behaviour. By contrast, the predictive validity of situational factors is relatively mild. Based on the findings, this dissertation further provides several relevant implications for the Nanjing government.
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Decanting on Estate Regeneration Schemes
in London: Professional perspectives on
responsibility and objectives
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
v‘Decanting’ refers to the process of moving
people out of estates which are slated for
demolition or redevelopment by local
councils as part of a regeneration scheme.
As an aspect of regeneration, it has thus
been identified by some academics as a
mechanism which enables gentrification
and facilitates displacement of low-income
residents. This dissertation seeks to
enhance our understanding of how
decanting functions in practice by sharing
the testimony of council employees who
have overseen decants on certain
regeneration schemes. The research for
this paper involved conducting interviews
with employees of councils, developers and
housing associations, particularly those in
areas not commonly analysed in existing
academic literature. Its purpose was not to
challenge the perspectives and experiences
shared by these interviewees, but merely
to present their views and observe
differences with prevailing narratives in
current academic discourse on
regeneration and decanting. The findings
from this research suggest that previous
academic accounts of decanting may
overvalue the negative experiences of a
minority of dissatisfied residents on certain
estates when determining how decanting generally affects displaced individuals.
Moreover, they neglect to adequately
consider how council employees who
oversee decanting approach their work,
largely ignoring the principles by which
they operate, underestimating the
limitations and obstacles they encounter,
and understating the extent to which the
maintenance of harmonious relationships
with decanted residents is conducive to
frictionless development.
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Analyzing The Build To Rent ‘Housing Crisis’
Discourse – Does It Resolve Housing
Affordability And Accessibility Challenges?
A Case Study Of Cambridge
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Examining the first BTR scheme in
Cambridge and its potential role in
addressing housing accessibility and
affordability challenges
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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Transit-oriented development and housing
inequality: Testing the effectiveness of the
Balanced Housing policy in Jakarta,
Indonesia.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The concept of Transit-oriented
Development (TOD) has been widely
practised in big cities, including Tokyo,
Hong Kong, London, and New York City, to
improve urban lives by integrating land use
and transportation planning (Atmadja and
Bogunovich, 2019; Murray and
Weerappulige, 2021), and addressing
urban-related issues, comprising poverty,
transport emissions, disintegrated urban
system, and lack of affordable housing
(Boarnet et al., 2017; Derakhti and Baeten,
2020). However, TOD poses potential risks
of transit-induced gentrification and
housing inequality (Ahlfeldt and Wendland,
2009; Duncan, 2011). Several countries,
including Thailand, India, Colombia, the US,
and the UK, introduced the inclusionary
housing concept to respond to the risks. In
Indonesia, the Balanced Housing policy was
created to form social harmony in TOD
areas (Mungkasa, 2020; Benson, 2010).
However, its effectiveness is yet to be
studied (Farha, 2017; Maharani, 2015).This
study compares inclusionary housing policy
in Jakarta and other cities in developing and
developed countries to identify the
research limitation from the existing
literature. This research collects primary and secondary data through grey and
academic literature reviews, semistructured
interviews, and electronic
surveys. The analysis of housing inequality
and the Balanced Housing policy's
effectiveness is based on house price
mappings around the selected TOD areas in
Jakarta, the electronic survey's findings
from the impacted communities, and the
perspectives of the experts, planners,
academics, private developers, and nonprofit
organisations on the Balanced
Housing policy's enforcement in
Jakarta.The research finds that despite
contributing to the housing production in
Jakarta, the Balanced Housing policy is still
ineffective in fostering inclusive
neighbourhoods and creating affordable
housing to address housing inequality in
Jakarta TOD areas. The research findings
and lessons learned from other countries
become the basis to provide some policy
suggestions for Indonesia's government to
make the current Balanced Housing and
conversion fund policy perform better,
including the need for creating a more
efficient planning process and
enforcement. This research also
recommends future studies involving
academics and experts to provide more
dialogues between academia and the
practitioners in view of the Balanced
Housing policy's effectiveness in Jakarta
TOD areas.
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Usage and Perception of Pedestrian Streets
in London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
London already has several pedestrian-only
spaces scattered around the city. Many can
be seen as successful public spaces with
many patrons and users. The study aims to
take an in-depth, qualitative approach to
understand how the public uses and
perceives pedestrianized streets in London,
assess critically the differences between
different users, and identify what makes
sociable pedestrian streets.
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Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and behaviour
change: a study of travel attitudes and
acceptability in Streatham Hill
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Low Traffic Neighbourhoods and behaviour
change: a study of travel attitudes and
acceptability in Streatham Hill
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Preview |
Is Tseung Kwan O Town Centre being
gentrified by state-led transit-oriented
development? Understanding
neighbourhood changes and social
inclusion in Hong Kong
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The state frequently makes use of the
transit-oriented development initiative to
promote economic growth and
revitalization. The Mass Transit Railway
Corporation in Hong Kong uses the "Rail
plus property" development model to
make public transportation networks selfsufficient
financially and promote
sustainable urban expansion. Due to
increased residential construction and the
alteration of retail spaces and social
services, however, it also serves as a
catalyst for neighbourhood change in
nearby neighbourhoods, resulting in
transit-induced gentrification or parallel
processes like suburbanization and
professionalisation. Studies on
gentrification brought on by TOD,
particularly at the neighbourhood level and
its relationship to social inclusion, are,
nonetheless, underdeveloped in the Asian
context. This raises the question the extent
to which state-led new transit investment
in Hong Kong accounts for neighbourhood
changes (gentrification, suburbanisation
and professionalisation) and whether such
changes create a more socially inclusive
neighbourhood in Hong Kong. To understand the changes in the sociodemographic
characteristics, perceived
neighbourhood change, and social
inclusion of residents, qualitative (primary
and secondary data) and qualitative (semistructured
interviews) methods were used
based on the Tseung Kwan O Town Centre
case study, which has undergone significant
changes over the past 20 years after the
opening of the MTR station in 2002. The
results from the housing price for owner
occupation and census data indicated that
there may be some overlap between the
three neighbourhood transformation
processes in the neighbourhood. Longterm
inhabitants have noted the
suburbanization of families and the
commercial gentrification of stores,
although due to the presence of public
housing estates prior to the station's
construction, there has been limited
residential gentrification. Although
accessibility and the quality of living
environment have improved, however,
long-term residents still struggle as the
shops are less affordable.
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Preview |
A ‘Naya’ Pakistan: How transnational
practices have reconstructed the housing
system through new productions and
markets of housing in Islamabad and
Rawalpindi
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Housing production and housing markets
are components of the wider housing
system which need to be studied in parallel
to reveal complex patterns that cannot be
identified on their own. Within Pakistan,
this system is following a new pattern as a
result of its transnational migrant
population and state policy influences. This
is since Pakistan embodies a lucrative
housing industry. Multiple different
processes that can be argued to be
influenced by investment patterns and
growing aspirations of the middle class
have reconstructed the housing system in
Pakistan. As a result the increase in
overseas Pakistani investment and the rise
of demand for prestigious housing units has
fueled the production of housing in the
twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad,
Pakistan. Whilst both cities are assessed,
existing class disparities created by the
stress of viable land for housing production
in Islamabad have led aspirational housing
to be produced in Rawalpindi. Moreover, to
combat housing supply constraints the
state has leveraged the rise of investment
into the production of high rise-buildings
however this has failed to be effective in the long term since it lacks affordability due
to demand created by speculative
investors.
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Exploring the impact of climate adaptation
strategy on public space quality: A study of
innovative urban stormwater management
in Rotterdam, The Netherlands’
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Multiple-case study research using
qualitative methods to explore impacts of
water sensitive urban design on public
space quality
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Building Instability": the impacts of
regeneration activity on local residents: the
case of Southall, London
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qualitative study of local residents of a
regeneration area in London, seeking to
understand the impacts which policy-led
heightened development activity and the
commodification of land is having on their
lived experience.
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Urban Planning for the Circular Economy in
London: Multi-Scalar Analysis of Small
Urban Manufacturing as Sites for Circular
Economic Transformation.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Cities are systems of production,
consumption, and waste disposal that
negatively impact our shared environment,
and the current linear economic model of
based on extracting raw materials, making
single-use products, and disposing large
quantities of materials is reaching its
physical limitations. The circular economy
(CE) has emerged as a tool to transition
from a linear economic model where
materials are made-used-disposed to a
circular model where materials remain at
their highest value for as long as possible.
The circular economy challenges existing
processes of making and linear models of
economic growth that privilege systems of
globalized mass production and
consumption and re-centre localised
production processes, broadly termed
“urban manufacturing.” This dissertation
uses London as a case study for mixedmethods,
multi-scalar analysis at the city,
borough, and firm level to investigate how
cities can utilise the planning system to
drive circular economic transformation. The
most recent London Plan reflects the
growing importance of implementationlevel
spatial plans and attention to industry,
and industrial land. London’s boroughs translate city-wide policies into placespecific
waste management strategies,
industrial land protection, and employment
efforts to generate social, economic and
environmental benefits of CE. London’s
manufacturing activities are clustered in
boroughs and regions, suggesting economic
specialization, which boroughs can work to
support. Transitioning to a circular
economy requires nuanced understanding
of the types of makers present in the city,
government intervention to allocate
adequate, affordable land for
manufacturing activity, and design
strategies to ensure manufacturing firms
can thrive.
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Urban Agglomeration as Catalyst for
Regional Innovation: A Study of Planning
Policy Implications in Yangtze River Delta
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
With the geographical expansion of
economic development and the evolution
of production method, urban
agglomerations have become the new
arena for innovative activities. Current
research has studied the causation,
performance, and synergy of innovative
activities within agglomerations from both
spontaneous and institutional perspectives.
This dissertation chooses the Yangtze River
Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) as the
case study. Although previous scholars
have examined the evolution of regional
innovation in YRDUA, few of them linked
the changes with agglomeration policies.
This dissertation aims to determine how
spatial planning policies influence regional
innovation capacity within an urban
agglomeration over time. In this context,
urban agglomeration is defined as a highly
development spatial pattern of cities who
compete while also seek collaboration with
each other, and regional innovation
capacity (RIC) is defined as the acquisition,
absorption, and transmission of knowledge
and technology that improve the output of
products and services within a region.
The study is based on the quantitative
analysis of indices measuring innovation
capacity and policy reviews. The evaluation framework is selected from the China
Regional Innovation Capability Report and
policies are retrieved from official public
websites. Data are processed with the
Principal Component Analysis under SPSS.
The results indicate that although the
ranking of regional innovation capacity did
not change, their divergence has
significantly narrowed. Further analysis
suggests that policies have influenced the
determinants and overall performance of
RIC. On this basis, it is recommended that
future policies aim at promoting regional
comparative advantage and further
exploring the utilisation of market
mechanisms. Further research is needed to
establish a more context-specific
evaluation framework and identify the
policy effect on the trickle-down of
innovation capacities.
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Preview |
Research on drivers and barriers to green
building development in China: A case
study of Shanghai
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation aims to identify the key
drivers and barriers of green building
development through a case study in
Shanghai. After reviewing past research on
the driving forces and obstacles of green
building, the driving forces and barriers of
green building in Shanghai were
determined by combining policy analysis
and interview results. Finally, some possible
policy recommendations for the public
sector to improve the ability to develop
green buildings are put forward.
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Preview |
Developing the High-Quality Dutch Cycling
Experience: Lessons from Houten
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
A growing recognition has addressed the
benefits of cycling to both individuals and
the city, accordingly arising interest globally
in how to promote cycling in practice, by
emulating premier experiences such as the
Netherlands. Yet, this remains difficult in
practice, because both the provision of
cycling and cycling behaviour is grounded in
place-specific context. This gap limits the
understanding of subjectiveness when
transferring cycling knowledge and policies,
indicating that in-depth studies are
immensely needed where discursive
practice of practitioner’s viewpoint and
cyclists’ experience are important elements
to explore.Hence, using a leading exemplar
in the Netherlands, the town of Houten,
this study aims to examine why Houten
manage to promote cycling. 18 in-depth
interviews with practitioners and local
cyclists are conducted as the main method
to collect qualitative data. The language
used by diverse actors is analysed drawn on
the critical discourse analysis approach.It is
proposed that first, the high-quality
provision of cycling infrastructure along
with related measures in Houten include 8
themes: segregated cycle network,
intersection modifications, traffic calming,
bike parking, integration with public
transport, integration with the built environment, education and programmes,
social and cultural norms. These perform as
both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ measures to facilitate
people cycling and discourage driving.
Second, the implementation is contributed
to a participatory process where the
municipals, planning team, cyclist groups
and residents together play active roles
against the dominant car-centred
narratives. Third, the high-quality provision
and positive interference of governance
benefit cyclists with pleasant experiences
by meeting the travel need for a fast,
coherent, safe and interesting journey, and
the social need for mobility independence
and social identity. The three aspects
together gradually form a cultural identity
of Houten as a bicycle city, and residents as
well-behaved cyclists, hence consolidating
and normalising cycling in terms of
changing narratives.
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Preview |
Circular Public Housing: Enabling circular
strategies in public housing estates in the
UK for environmental, social and economic
benefits
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
As the world faces resource scarcity, there
is a need to move from the wasteful linear
economy to a resource-efficient circular
economy, which is not only beneficial for
the environment, but also for the economy
and the society. To accommodate a circular
economic system, circularity principles
should be applied to our urban built
environment. Public housing estates in the
UK, being economically and socially
deprived, can adopt circular strategies at
household, estate and neighbourhood
level for economic, environmental and
social benefits. Thus, a key research
question emerges: How to enable circular
strategies in public housing estates in the
UK for environmental, social and economic
benefits? With insights gained from
literature review and field research, a
circular framework with four principles and
circular systems with physical space,
programming, stakeholders and enablers
are proposed. A framework for benefits
and measurement is also developed. The
circular framework and systems are then
applied in South Bermondsey, one of most
deprived neighbourhoods with a high
percentage of public housing estates in
Southwark, London. Circular strategies like Circular Hubs and Circular Hood are
deployed. Environmental,
economic and social benefits from the
circular systems are then estimated to
evaluate the design application. To scale up
the circular framework, recommendations
for local authorities and developers are
provided for applying the circular
framework and systems in future new
development, either smaller urban
development projects or larger scale
master plan type projects to build a
sustainable future for cities with circular
neighbourhoods.
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Preview |
Investigating public awareness and
opinions toward residential retrofitting to
decrease energy demand and improve
environmental performance: an analysis of
existing housing stock in Letchworth
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation seeks to investigate public
opinions on retrofitting their homes and
any emerging trends. This includes the level
of awareness about retrofitting, identifying
the most important reasons for and against
retrofitting their homes and whether these
reasons differ depending on the age of a
household’s property.
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Preview |
The Railton Low Traffic Neighbourhood:
Evolving temporary urbanism projects and
exploring inherent social value through a
Feminist “Ethics of Care” framework
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
MRes Inter-Disciplinary Urban Design
Research Report examining the social value
of temporary urbanism projects within the
Railton Low Traffic Neighbourhood (LTN) in
Brixton, South London.
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Preview |
"You can't fix everything with prosecco":
Tenants experiences within the Build to
Rent sector and the implications for
London’s housing market
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This is an investigation into tenants'
experiences within London's emerging
Build to Rent market. The work looks at
how the 'quality renting experience'
matches up with the reality of tenants'
lived experiences throughout a number of
BTR developments across London.
Furthermore, this dissertation looks to
understand the role Build to Rent may
have, as a growing asset class, on London's
housing market.
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Preview |
Examining sense of place in high streets
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
A study which examines sense of place in
two London high streets from the
perspective of local residents. The study
uses a sense of place framework (consisting
of the built environment, activities, and
meaning) to explore attributes that
contribute to sense of place in Totteridge
and Whetstone high street and Marylebone
high street.
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Preview |
Neighbourhood walkability in high-density apartment complexes in Seoul, South Korea
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Walkability has been an important
principle of urban design and planning, and
research has been identified the complex
relationship between spatial attributes and
users’ perception of walkability. However,
limited research focused on which
perceived qualities could be affected by
specific attributes, and how people react to
particular environment. also apartment
complexes in South Korea have not been
considered enough despite their unique
typology and spatial attributes derived
from cultural and historical backgrounds,
which might affect residents' experience of
their neighbourhood. Research in
walkability lacks multi-dimensional studies,
examining spatial attributes and people’s
perceptions of walking. The research
examines the complex relationship
between spatial attributes in high-density
apartment complexes and users’
perceptions of walkability. The data from
GIS, observation and surveys were
analysed cross-sectionally to decode how
people evaluate their neighbourhood
regarding walkability and discover
unexpected patterns between spatial
attributes and perceived walkability.
Findings reveal that the possible
implication of high functional mix and
permeability combined with the Green
network enhancing walking and encouraging people to walk and repeatedly
visit their neighbourhood, which explains
high sense of walkability. In that the Green
network has been developed to overcome
segregation of apartment-dominant
neighbourhood, the finding provides
further area of walkability debate on time
and historical background, while
corroborating the importance of walkability
assessment in different geographical
context. In addition, providing key spatial
attributes of apartment complexes in Seoul,
South Korea, the study suggests empirical
evidence of current level of walkability in
South Korea, which could support
developing the concept of Daily-walking
neighbourhood’ in Seoul Plan 2040.
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Preview |
ADDRESSING THE GREEN PARADOX:
Designing to actively alleviate green
gentrification and benefit the existing
community through green space
improvement
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This project looks at addressing the green
paradox. This is where new or improved
green space can provide benefits to the
community, but can also cause
displacement of the community it seeks to
benefit through green gentrification. Green
gentrification has only been studied
retrospectively and as a result has not been
actively addressed in the design of green
space. As such, this project will explore how
the improvement of green space can be
designed to benefit the existing
community, promoting interaction,
accessibility and inclusivity while ensuring
that those benefits are continually realised
in the long-term by actively designing to
alleviate green gentrification. It focuses on
council estates in London, specifically
looking at a site in Camden, North London.
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Preview |
"How About We Take This Meeting
Outside"? An Exploration Into The Way The
Public Realm Can Support Outdoor Working
In Central Business Districts.
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An Exploration Into The Way The Public
Realm Can Support Outdoor Working In
Central Business Districts
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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Preview |
Investigating the effect of mixed tenure
housing policy in generating social
cohesion. A case study on the Mixed
Communities Initiative 2005.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This paper evaluated the mixed tenure
housing policies in the UK that are based
on the premise of generating social
cohesion, specifically focussing on the
Mixed Communities Initiative 2005. The
Mixed Communities Initiative 2005 (MCI)
developed by the Department for
Communities and Local Government was
set up as a policy approach implemented
through 12 Demonstration Projects. These
policies are based on the concepts of ‘area
effects’ or ‘neighbourhood effects’ which
suggests that the geographical proximity of
disadvantaged households reduces their
opportunity and increases disadvantage.
Policymakers often use terms such as
building ‘social cohesion’ or ‘social capital’
to promote the regeneration of housing
estates through mixed tenure, without
clearly defining these terms. This research
takes a critical look at this theory by
exploring the varying concepts surrounding
the definition of social cohesion and the
diverse mixed-tenured policies in the UK.
Using leading literature on social cohesion
and community engagement, it produces
four themes for identifying social cohesion
in mixed-tenure housing estates. The
analysis is derived by studying the two demonstration projects of the Mixed
Communities Initiative located in London.
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Preview |
Has the Green Premium increased in recent
years? An investigation using pricing
evidence from the Central London Office
Market
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Increasing evidence of climate change is
leading to legislation and market pressure
around the carbon emissions of buildings,
particularly in the UK. There have been
several studies examining whether
environmental certifications such as EPCs
and BREEAM result in higher prices being
paid for buildings. However, the data used
in these studies is now quite old, predating
recent developments in the field, including
higher numbers of certified buildings and
greater attention being paid to ESG issues.
This study examines data on 592
investment transactions in the Central
London Office market between 2017 and
2021. Using a hedonic regression method,
statistically significant price premia of
20.6% were found for BREEAM certification
and 3.9% for a single-step increase in EPC
rating. However, only BREEAM produced a
statistically significant yield premium, of -
0.24 percentage points. The relevance of
these results, and the implications for the
market, are discussed alongside other
recent research in the area.
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Preview |
Designing Intra-urban Agriculture for the
Compact City
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
urban agriculture design
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Preview |
Policy innovations in public land disposal
for community-led housing through the
multi-level perspective
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The lack of reliable pathways to access
public land remains a barrier to the growth
of the community-led housing (CLH) sector
in England. Through the multi-level
perspective (MLP), this dissertation
explores the potential of policy innovations
supporting land release for CLH
development to transition regimes of
public land disposal towards social
sustainability. Qualitative data was
collected to develop an empirical case
study of the first policy in England to
provide a framework for the systematic
disposal of land for CLH projects. The
findings suggest that bottom-linked
governance between local authorities and
CLH intermediaries is crucial to the
development and implementation of land
disposal policies. In this modality of
governance, local authorities may set
conditions for the release of public land
that include the provision of affordable
housing and the fulfilment of social value
criteria. In this case study, these conditions
have produced intra-niche debates
regarding alternative housing tenures and
the application of social value frameworks
to CLH projects. The paper concludes with
recommendations for the design of local
CLH land disposal policies and legislative changes to the national regime of public
land disposal.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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Explore the Effect of Urban Green Spaces
on Housing Prices in the Nearby Areas: A
Case Study in Inner London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Public resources such as parks,
transportation, and schools can be very
important factors to housing prices nearby.
Among these various factors, urban green
spaces are especially essential since they
can help approve the urban quality of living
such as reducing traffic noise and air
pollution, as well as being beneficial to
human wellbeing. There are academic
studies focused on cities all around the
world indicating that the proximity to
urban green spaces usually has a positive
effect on housing prices in the surrounding
areas, which is also part of the hedonic
pricing analysis and called the proximity
principle. However, relevant studies on the
correlation between urban green spaces
and housing prices have mainly
concentrated on Global North, especially in
the United States, Europe, and Asian cities.
Few studies have mentioned the proximity
principle in the United Kingdom context.
Therefore, the objective of this research is
to investigate the effect of urban green
spaces on housing prices in nearby areas.
London postcode system is being applied
when designating particular areas including
green spaces. Five renowned parks are
being selected within Inner London and
5223 housing transactions raw data in total were collected within three parks to prove
the proximity principle and make the
results more general. Substantial evidence
by quantitative data analysis through IBM
SPSS Statistics 27 shows that the proximity
to urban green spaces is positively
correlated to housing prices nearby,
regardless of the housing types. The
conclusion of previous studies is still
applicable in Inner London that the
proximity principle is accepted in the
Global North planning context. This
research will shed light on the Inner
London context in residential housing
purchase decision-making, as well as for
estate developers and governments to
make reasonable planning development
layouts with potential increased economic
benefits.
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The impact of personal safety perceptions
on travel behaviour and attitudes: A focus
on first and last mile walking trips in
London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The aim of this research is to identify the
impact of personal safety perceptions on
individuals’ travel behaviour and attitudes
when walking in London, with a specific
focus on walking trips between an
individual’s home/end destination and
public transport stops (First and Last Mile
Travel). The research will seek to
understand the extent to which individuals
are concerned for their personal safety
during these trips, what factors impact this
concern, how they alter their travel
behaviour to overcome this, and how they
their concerns can best be overcome. In
addition, this research will discuss ‘who’ is
most impacted and concerned for their
safety, by analysing a set of sociodemographic data also collected as part of
this study.
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Preview |
Sacred Suburbia: when American
Evangelicalism and New Urbanism Meet
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Although a significant cultural and political
force in the United States, especially in the
suburbs, the role of Evangelical Christians in
shaping the built environment has been
overlooked in planning literature. This
research presents an initial attempt to
understand this relationship in the absence
of scholarly literature on this topic.
Focusing on a case study in Reynoldsburg,
Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, this
dissertation investigates a mixed-use
development led by an Evangelical
denomination, a rare occurrence. Following
a thorough literature review that
contextualizes the different forces at play in
this development, the researcher
undertook semi-structured interviews with
key figures involved in the development to
better understand the dynamics and
motivations involved in this project. These
interviews were coded and analyzed to
arrive at distinct themes, which inform the
structure of the discussion. Ultimately, this
research finds that collaboration between
Evangelical leaders and planning
practitioners in this case is due to market
incentives; the use of a New Urbanistinspired
typology is due to these market
incentives. Ultimately, the Evangelical
leaders were more influenced by the
market and the opinions of planning professionals than theological or ideological
principles, and therefore planners have
opportunity to catalyze on the profitability
motive when partnering with religious
groups. This research may have wide
implications for both planning academia
and practice, and hopefully spur greater
consideration of the role that Evangelical
Christians, along with other religious
groups, may play in development.
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Facilitating Social Cohesion in Standardised
Socialist-Era Neighbourhoods
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
In the USSR, the state housing programme
was offering standardised mass dwellings
which provided citizens with long-desired
private flats. Today, however, many see
these neighbourhoods as outdated and
stagnant, not only because of the
modernist layout, but also their social
disunity and weak grassroots culture,
aggravated by the vivid social mix of
residents. The paper explores the ways of
enhancing social cohesion in standardised
socialist-era neighbourhoods in Russia. It
suggests scenarios for different communitybonding practices, and appropriate spaces
to perform them within the modernist
layout of the neighbourhood. It also
addresses the ways in which these practices
can expand community networks and serve
as catalysts for emergence of further
initiatives suggested by other residents.
These scenarios are applied to
Metrogorodok neighbourhood in Moscow,
Russia. It is suggested that the
interventions performed on different scales
- from an amateur exhibition inside a house
entrance hall to a pop-up market on the
busy main street - will result in residents
forming stronger bonds and strengthen
their sense of place, resulting in them
proposing their own initiatives and
potentially self-organise to defend neighbourhood interests in front of the
council.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Archaeology in Real Estate: A Planning and
Development Perspective from London.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
An in-depth investigation into the
contemporary role of archaeology within
the current planning system in London,
looking at its role in real estate
development. Interviews with developers,
planners and archaeological advisors form
the original research in this dissertation.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Preview |
Accessibility, Urban Design, and the Whole
Journey Experience of Visually Impaired
People in London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Despite emphasising the importance of
building an inclusive city for all in the
London Plan (2021), the capitals
infrastructure, including the transport
network, displays design elements that fall
short of adequately meeting the needs of
VIP. This failure signals an inadequate
understanding of VIP user needs and,
indeed, the wider spectrum of accessibility
requirements of other groups. At present,
however, not enough is known about the
journey experience of VIP, nor is there
appropriate emphasis being placed on this
user group by the relevant design
practitioners within Transport for London
(TfL). This research has
demonstrated that the journey experience
of VIP in London is fraught with barriers
resulting from infrastructural design,
operational practice, and a growing variety
of design interventions introduced to meet
wider societal goals. While it is
acknowledged that VIP experience greater
difficulty traveling in London when
compared to those with full sight owing to
the limitations imposed by their visual
impairment, experiences brought about by
design practice and the conscious
prioritisation of certain user groups over
others, exacerbates the already unequal experience of travel by this user group.
This research has shown that exclusionary
design practice is acutely experienced by
VIP on London’s streets, where a growing
number of mixed-use spaces are being
created in places where, previously, clear
demarcation of space existed. Other
interventions, such as continuous footways,
and particularly, the expanding network of
infrastructure to support personal
mobility, all produce the unintended
outcome of widening the equity gap
between atypical bodies and VIP.
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Preview |
Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effect
Through Climate-Sensitive Urban Design
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Exposure to excessive heat is responsible
for thousands of deaths and emergency
room visits annually in the United States.
Due to climate change, Texas cities have
been warming faster than the rest of the
world. Within 25 years, the number of 100
F days is expected to double. Cities are
even more vulnerable than the countryside
due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect.
(Bielson-Gammon 2021)Adapting cities to
this new climate reality is critical to ensure
the vitality of public spaces and the health
of urban dwellers. This major research
project (MRP) evaluates the most effective
means to reduce UHI at a neighborhood
scale in a humid subtropical context. The
MRP presents two massing frameworks and
nine toolkit items that can be used by
architects and urban designers to lower the
air temperature and improve human
thermal comfort.
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Preview |
Exploring Barriers to Community Initiated
Placemaking: A Study of the Challenges
Faced by Community Groups and Local
Planning Authorities in London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Community initiated placemaking provides
benefits for both communities and planning
practice, however, barriers challenging the
projects still exist. This research
investigates the barriers, how they impact
projects, and considers how they can be
overcome. Assisting in filling a gap in the
current field of study, this research is
based in a London context, investigating a
range of project types and exploring
barriers from both the placemakers and
local planning authority perspectives.
Using a qualitative research strategy, semistructured
interviews collected data from
three community placemakers and one
council officer. The data was thematically
analysed generating four themes and nine
sub-themes and developed into a
framework synthesising the barriers. The
framework demonstrates that common
barriers involve resources, systems and
processes, project team or people
networks. These barriers have a multitude
of negative impacts on the community
placemaking projects and participants,
threatening the projects' longevity and
sustainability. Therefore, there are areas
for improvement in planning and
placemaking practice upon which recommendations have been made. The
framework developed from this research
can guide placemakers to understand the
barriers they may encounter and can be
adapted for future research.
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A sustainable rEVolution? Examining the
political framing of Battery Electric Vehicles
(BEVs) and how BEVs affect Generation Y’s
attitudes towards transport in Singapore
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Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been
heralded by some as key to reducing
carbon emissions from the transport sector.
Yet, there has been little critical research
into their sustainability from a transport
planning perspective. This study critically
analyses the sustainability of BEVs in
Singapore by examining the changing
political framing of BEVs and how BEVs
affect attitudes towards transport among
Generation Y.The government’s pragmatic
ideology led to BEVs being initially framed
as an ‘unnecessary’ and expensive risk
without clear national benefits. The
subsequent policy reversal to embrace
BEVs was due to falling costs, image issues,
and a green growth opportunity.
Encouraging BEV adoption was arguably
never just about responding to the climate
emergency.Among Generation Y, car
ownership was associated with strong
symbolic motivations. BEVs will likely
strengthen them given BEVs are seen to
signal progressiveness, innovativeness and
prestige. Consequently, the promotion of
BEVs involves a fine balancing act to avoid
accentuating the car’s symbolism. BEVs
were seen to connote eco-friendliness, but
many doubted environmental reasons were a significant motivator driving BEV
adoption. BEVs were found to strongly
symbolise that one is in the privileged 5% of
people staying in single-unit landed
properties, where accessibility of charging
points is not an issue. This is a concerning
inequity that needs to be addressed given
the government’s target to cease the
registrations of new ICE vehicles by 2040.
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Preview |
Urban regeneration for social sustainability
under state entrepreneurialism: A case
study of Baitasi regeneration project in
Beijing
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Abstract With the process of
urbanisation, the world faces a conflict
between growing urban populations and
limited land. A large number of literatures
describe many social problems caused by
traditional property-led and large-scale
demolition regeneration. As a result, urban
regeneration is shifting towards sustainable
development, where social sustainability is
an emerging area of urban planning policy
and practice. In this context, the trend of
urban regeneration in China is micro
regeneratio (weigaizao), which emphasises
small-scale in-situ redevelopment and
community vibrancy rather than creating
land profits. This dissertation examines this
micro regeneration approach and
governance model behind it by taking the
Beijing Baitasi Historical District (BHD) as an
example, and analyses how the governance
model can achieve social sustainability.
The study used a qualitative approach to
interview 10 stakeholders involved in the
regeneration and a quantitative approach
to conduct a questionnaire survey among
138 residents. The results show that the
BHD regeneration has developed a
coordinated government-market-resident
governance structure which is based on a government-dominated property rights
structure, which reflects the role of the
state. The state uses land development
models, national strategic objectives and
project-oriented governance to implement
strategies aimed at social sustainability.
Not only that, micro regeneration has an
initial character of social sustainability. By
government dominance as the guarantee,
commercialisation as the path, and
people’s rights and power as the basis can
the governance structure fulfil the
objectives of social sustainability. The
challenges are the dominance of the
government being the obstacles to
commercialisation, residents’ lacking direct
and diverse channels for feedback and
needs, and the complex property right
structure. These findings provide lessons
for the future urban regeneration in China.
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Preview |
TESTING THE JACOBS CONDITIONS FOR
URBAN VITALITY: THE CASE OF UK TOWN
AND CITY CENTRES AND THE
CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
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In The Death and Life of Great American
Cities, Jane Jacobs proposed four
conditions for generating and maintaining
vibrant urban diversity (mixed uses, short
blocks, aged buildings, and sufficient
density), but subsequent empirical work to
test them has been limited. This study
responds by studying town and city centres
in Great Britain in the wake of coronavirusinduced
restrictions to answer the
question: can Jane Jacobs’ four rules for
generating urban diversity help explain
why some High Streets in Britain have
demonstrated more resilience than others?
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Cities and development in the Hispanic
Caribbean: A comparative case study of
external influences on urban planning
policies in Santo Domingo, Havana, and San
Juan.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Cities are recognized to be the result of
continuous exchanges. The circulation of
urban planning ideas and practices is a
well-known aspect of these interactions.
However, during the last decades these
processes have intensified, increasing the
uncritical implementation of tools based
on a false premise of taken-for-granted
‘best practices’. This situation is even more
relevant in developing regions such as the
Hispanic Caribbean, with a long and shared
history regarding Spanish colonialism, the
influence of external powers, and the
transfer of foreign urban ideas. Due to this
region’s increasing vulnerability and
countless urban challenges, it is paramount
that local city planning policies and
frameworks are catered to the specific
needs of the region. As a result, the
research aim is to assess the extent to
which contemporary urban planning
policies in the three main cities of the
Hispanic Caribbean: Santo Domingo,
Havana, and San Juan are being shaped by
external influences. Using a casebased
cross-national comparative
approach, the research methodology is
threefold: the context; studying under which circumstances ideas have been
transferred historically through a review of
the cities’ planning and development
histories, the object; identifying what is
being transferred through a policy content
analysis of contemporary national and city
level planning policies, and the actors;
exploring by whom and through which
mechanisms ideas are being circulated.
This information was then analysed and
compared applying the policy transfer
framework developed by Dolowitz &
Marsh (2000). The research revealed that
there’s still both voluntary and coercive
transfer of urban policy ideas happening in
the region. Influences from the United
States, Europe and Latin America are still
strong with an increasing role by
international development aid agencies
and supranational organizations. The
continued study of these complex
processes was recommended to recognize
power asymmetries and ensure sustainable urban growth and development.
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A Study on Young People’s Behaviours and
Determinants of Cycling in Post-Pandemic
London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
PurposeThe purpose of this study is to
explore the determinants of cycling among
young people, and the impacts of the
pandemic on the changes in their cycling
behaviour and perceptions. Using a sample
of university students in London, this study
investigates which factors are more
important to young people's cycling and the
extent to which this epidemic influences
their cycling behaviour and perceptions of
the importance of cycling factors in the
context of the new norms.ResultsThe most
important determinants of young people's
cycling are weather, trip distance, season
and climate, infrastructure, topography,
and perceived safety. Comparing with the
pre-pandemic period, Young people are
using public transport less and cycling
more. Although their average cycling
frequency increases after the pandemic,
most still never cycle due to the lack of safe
cycle lanes and available bike-sharing
facilities. Young people also cycle more for
commuting and transport purposes and less
for recreation and sports. By comparing the
changes in their perceived importance of
cycling factors, only cycling purpose,
perceived benefits of cycling, perceived
risks of virus infection and cycling
behaviour of friends and family show a significant change. However their focus on
virus protection diminishes as the
pandemic becomes more
normalised.ConclusionThe pandemic is an
opportunity for young people to cycle, and
early actions need to be taken. The
attention to weather, trip distance, season
and climate, infrastructure, topography,
and perceived safety should be
strengthened in future research and
transport planning. To build safe, trafficseparated,
school-linked cycling paths and
bike-sharing facilities in London is crucial to
promote cycling among young people. The
results of this study may have implications
for cycling planning in the post-epidemic
era or the new normal.
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The emerging Hong Kong diaspora in
London: Understanding the early-stage
interactions between Hong Kong
immigrants under the British Nationals
(Overseas) Visa scheme and the London
housing market.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation aims to provide some
empirical qualitative research into the
interactions between Hong Kong
immigrants under the British National
(Overseas) Visa scheme and the London
housing market. Results from structured
questionnaire reveal that property location
is shown to be the most significant housing
determinant for new Hongkongers.
However, spatially, there are signs of coethnic
clustering in traditionally
‘homogenous’ neighbourhoods.
Meanwhile, targeted interviews suggest
that the London housing market is unable
to accommodate to the housing demands
of BNO immigrants both quantitatively and
qualitatively. This dissertation concludes
with a reflection of the London planning
for housing system in terms of Local Planmaking
and the Strategic Housing Market
Assessment, and proposes several
recommendations for the mid- to longterm
planning for the housing impact
brought by the continuing influx of Hong
Kong immigrants.
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The Role of Planning for Culinary Diversity:
Evidence from London and Berlin
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
The purpose of this dissertation is to clarify
the role of urban planning in contemporary
societies through the lens of culinary
diversity. Research indicated that culinary
diversity could fuel urban economy and
strengthen place identities of city dwellers,
especially under the context of global
migration. Despite the growing body of
academic work regarding food governance
and its link with urban planning, the role of
planning as enablers and facilitators for
culinary diversity has remained widely
unexplored. To answer the research
question: what is the role of planning in
areas with culinary diversity, this research
employed a triangulated analytical
framework to examine different contextual
factors of culinary diversity in two cases
study: Mercato Metropolitano in London
and Preußenpark in Berlin. After
empirically analyzing the planning policies
at various levels, planning process and
socio-economic factors of two venues, this
study found that planning interventions
were reflecting the values of culinary
diversity for the area. Findings also
suggested that varying tools emerged from
different planning systems and land use
management. Despite the diverging
planning context, diversified food offerings
in both cities are the outcome of inter-related socioeconomic contexts, including
mixed-use development, agglomeration
and market appeal. As such, this
study concluded by highlighting the need
for place-based interventions that are
sensitive to the local contexts and
aspirations, as well as for collaborative
planning to better understand the
experience, need and vision of
stakeholders, both of which are paramount
amid strong market economies and socially
diverse environments.
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An Adaptive Synthesized Analysis Tool for
Measurement of Urban Morphology:
Combining Space Syntax, Spacematrix, and
Mixed-use Index
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
To help designers and planners better
understand the composition and spatial
context of planning sites, a GIS-based
synthesized tool combining qualitative and
quantitative methods is adaptively
developed based on the Form Syntax tool
to take accessible OpenStreetMap and
Ordnance Survey data and to provide
ordinal categorical assessment results of
high/medium/low degrees. The
morphological measurement tool is
assembled within the qualitative
framework proposed by J. Jacobs with
advanced quantitative methods measuring
street configuration using betweenness of
Space Syntax method, building density and
typology using FSI, GSI of Spacematrix
method, and functional mixture using MXI
(mixed-use index). The approach is
validated with regression analyses focusing
on relationship between morphological
elements and urban vitality through a
comparison to recent researches through
the case study of London. The analysis
results reflected on map series suggest the
existence of ring-structure gradient of
building density, and typology in the study
area and the association among
morphological elements. The synthesized method has proved the capacity of
diagnostic function for block-level urban
design and spatial context analysis of
urban planning and redevelopment
projects. This research deploys a threedimensional
lens through the
decomposition and synthesis, providing a
relationship-prioritized perspective to
investigate the complexity of urban
environments and the interaction with
socio-economic performance.
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Investigating users' perspectives on bike-sharing
in Jinan, a second-tier city in China
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This dissertation aims to investigate the
perceptions about the bike sharing
programme in Jinan held by its users. To
better understand users' perspectives on
the development of bike sharing
programmes in Jinan, this dissertation aims
to answer three questions: 1) What
are the motivating factors for using shared
bicycles in Jinan? 2) What are the
detrimental factors that hinder user
demand for bike sharing? 3) What are
users’ suggestions for operating and
developing a bike sharing programme in
Jinan?
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Exploring the asset growth effect in Green
REITs
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
Green REITs have become a hot topic in
recent years. There have been plenty of
studies on the asset growth anomaly and
Green REITs' performance, yet little about
the asset growth effect among Green REITs.
To fill in this gap, this research adopted the
portfolio sort test and Fama-Macbeth
regressions and found out that although
the asset growth effect seems to exist and
has a different presentation from other
equities, the observed anomaly is likely
attributed to the difference in greenness
rather than the asset growth itself. This
research concluded that the asset growth
effect is not statistically significant in the
field of Green REITs.
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Creating an inclusive and accessible travel
environment for elderly people: A case
study in Xinzhou, China
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
This research takes Xinzhou, China, as the
survey site to study the travel behaviour of
the local elderly. Combined with the
satisfaction survey, it analyses the
problems existing in the travel modes with
low satisfaction of the elderly. Last, it puts
forward corresponding suggestions for
these problems to create an inclusive and
accessible travel environment for the
elderly.
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
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An indicator-based evaluation of the
sustainable urbanisation of London
Shared with the World by Elangkathir Duhindan
With the outbreak of environmental
problems such as scarcity of resources and
frequent occurrences of extreme weather
for nearly a century, there is growing
awareness of the importance of
sustainable development. Although
urbanisation, the irreversible process, has a
few negative impacts on our living
environment, it is undoubtedly that it has
brought a whole new era of human
production and living patterns. Therefore,
to meet the developmental needs of future
generations, sustainable urbanisation
should be taken as the development policy
of contemporary cities. This dissertation
aims to answer the questions of whether
the pace of urbanisation and sustainable
development is consistent and to what
extent in London, by evaluating the stage
of urbanisation and the degree of
sustainable development of London city
through measurements of the urbanisation
rate and the overall score of sustainability
based on hierarchical analysis and an
indicator-based system. The consistency
between the urbanisation rate and the
sustainability degree is also evaluated
based on the elasticity coefficient.
According to the results, it can be
concluded that during 2011-2019, London's level. Also, in addition to specific years like
2015 and 2016, London has a relatively
high degree of sustainability. Combined
together, London’s urbanisation process
has been proven to be sustainable. The
value of the elasticity coefficient of
sustainable urbanisation in 2011-2013,
2016-2017 and 2018-2019 are relatively
high, presenting a better sustainability
performance. It is likely triggered by the
2012 London Summer Olympic Games, the
implementation of the London Plan 2016
and the Mayor’s Transport Strategy 2018.
However, the local authorities should still
focus on works like alleviating the gap
between the rich and the poor, improving
the efficiency of housing use, improving
the traffic environment, etc., to achieve a
higher level of sustainability.
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